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этимология

exogenous cycle - перевод на арабский

DNA ORIGINATING FROM OUTSIDE AN ORGANISM

Exogenous dna

exogenous cycle

‎ دَورَةٌ خارِجِيَّة‎

Otto cycle

THERMODYNAMIC CYCLE FOR SPARK IGNITION PISTON ENGINES

Otto Cycle; Otto-cycle; Otto cycle engine

دورة أوتُو

instruction fetch

BASIC OPERATION CYCLE OF A COMPUTER

Fetch execute cycle; Fetch-execute cycle; Fetch-decode-execute cycle; Execute cycle; Computer cycle; Computer cycles; FE Cycle; CPU cycle; Fetch and execution cycle; Fetch and execute cycle; Machine cycle; I/E time; Processor cycle; Instruction fetching; Instruction fetch; Opcode fetch; Computing cycle

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Определение

Otto cycle

·add. ·- A four-stroke cycle for internal-combustion engines consisting of the following operations: First stroke, suction into cylinder of explosive charge, as of gas and air; second stroke, compression, ignition, and explosion of this charge; third stroke (the working stroke), expansion of the gases; fourth stroke, expulsion of the products of combustion from the cylinder. This is the cycle invented by Beau de Rochas in 1862 and applied by Dr. Otto in 1877 in the Otto-Crossley gas engine, the first commercially successful internal-combustion engine made.

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Википедия

Exogenous DNA

Exogenous DNA is DNA originating outside the organism of concern or study. Exogenous DNA can be found naturally in the form of partially degraded fragments left over from dead cells. These DNA fragments may then become integrated into the chromosomes of nearby bacterial cells to undergo mutagenesis. This process of altering bacteria is known as transformation. Bacteria may also undergo artificial transformation through chemical and biological processes. The introduction of exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cells is known as transfection. Exogenous DNA can also be artificially inserted into the genome, which revolutionized the process of genetic modification in animals. By microinjecting an artificial transgene into the nucleus of an animal embryo, the exogenous DNA is allowed to merge the cell's existing DNA to create a genetically modified, transgenic animal. The creation of transgenic animals also leads into the study of altering sperm cells with exogenous DNA.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenous DNA